|
|
| Phosphorus | |
| Electron Configuration | 2,8,5 |
| Electron Configuration | [Ne] 3s2 3p3 |
| Ground state | 4S°3/2 |
| Atomic Volume | 17.02 g/cm3 |
| Electronegativity | 2.19 |
| Magnetic ordering | No data |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility | -1.13 x 10-8 |
| Molar magnetic susceptibility | -3.5 x 10-10 |
 Thermal Properties |
|
| Enthalpy of Atomization | 314.6 kJ mol-1 @25°C |
| Enthalpy of Fusion | 2.51 (white) kJ mol-1 |
| Enthalpy of Vaporisation | 51.9 (white) kJ mol-1 |
| Heat Capacity | (white) 23.824 J mol-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Conductivity | (white) 0.236 W m-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Expansion | No data. |
| Elastic Properties |
|
| Bulk modulus | 11 GPa |
| Electrical Properties |
|
| Electrical resistivity | No data. |
| Electrical conductivity | No data. |
| Chemical Properties |
|
| Electrochemical Equivalent | 0.23113 g Ah-1 |
| Valence Electron Potential (-eV) | 190 |
| Ionization Potential | |
 First
|
10.486 |
| Second
|
19.725 |
| Third
|
30.18 |
| Incompatibilities | Air, oxidizers (including elemental sulfur and strong caustics), halogens. |
| Flammability |
|
| Flammable solid
|
|
| Autoignition temp
|
34°C (white) |
| Optical Properties |
|
| Refractive Index (gas) | 1.001212 |
| Energy Levels |
|
| Kα1 (intensity 100) |
2.0137 KeV |
| Kα2 (intensity 0) |
2.0127 KeV |
| Kβ1 (intensity 4.1) |
2.1391 KeV |
| Lα1 (intensity 100) |
0.1 KeV |
| Lγ3 (intensity 0) |
0.109 KeV |
| Ll (intensity 100) |
0.1 KeV |
| Atomic Radii |
|
| Empirical
|
100 pm |
| Bohr Radius
|
98 pm |
| Covalent Radius
|
106 pm |
| Van der Waals
|
180 pm |
| Triple covalent
|
94 pm |
| Metallic
|
No data. |
| Ionic Radii (Å) |
||||
| Charge | Coordination | Crystal | Ionic | Key |
| 3 | VI | 0.58 | 0.44 | A |
| 5 | IV | 0.31 | 0.17 | * |
| V | 0.43 | 0.29 | ||
| VI | 0.52 | 0.38 | C | |
| R, From r3 vs V plots. |
| C, Calculated from bond length - bond strength equations. |
| E, Estimated. |
| *, Most Reliable. |
| M, From Metallic Oxides. |
| A, Ahrens (1952) Ionic radius. |
| P, Pauling's (1960) Crystal Radius. |
| Oxidation States |
|
| Main
|
P+5 |
| Other
|
P-3, P-2, P0, P+2, P+3 |
Ionisation Energies (kJ mol-1)  |
|
| M - M+ |
1011.7 |
| M+ - M2+ |
1903.2 |
| M2+ - M3+ |
2912 |
| M3+ - M4+ |
4956 |
| M4+ - M5+ |
6273 |
| M5+ - M6+ |
21268 |
| M6+ - M7+ |
25397 |
| M7+ - M8+ |
29854 |
| M8+ - M9+ |
35867 |
| M9+ - M10+ |
40958 |
| Covalent Bonds (kJ mol-1) |
|
| P-H
|
328 |
| P-O
|
407 |
| P=O
|
560 |
| P-F
|
490 |
| P-Cl
|
319 |
| P-P
|
209 |
| Vapour Pressure (white)
|
||||||
| P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1K | 10K | 100K |
| T (K) | 279 | 307 | 342 | 388 | 453 | 549 |
| Vapour Pressure (red)
|
||||||
| P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1K | 10K | 100K |
| T (K) | 455 | 489 | 529 | 576 | 635 | 704 |
| Crystal Structure |
|
| Structure
|
Triclinic |
 |
a = 1145 pm |
| b = 550.3 pm | |
| c = 1126.1 pm | |
| α = 71.840° | |
| β = 90.370° | |
| γ = 71.560° | |